Stress

FIRST EXPERIMENT 3.1 Overview The purpose of this first study was to determine if explanatory style as measured by the ASQ could explain systematic differences in appraisal and emotions. In addition, we tested the feasibility of the experimental setting for the research ... [full story]

EMOTION INDUCTION METHOD and GENERAL PROCEDURE 2.1 Overview The study of emotions in experimental settings has several specific problems, such as making sure the individuals are sufficiently involved and implicated for emotions to emerge (for overviews concerning emotion induction, see Gerrards-Hesse, Spies, ... [full story]

Individual differences in attribution and the effect on emotion The relationship between attribution and emotions has generally not been studied using an individual difference perspective. However, the relationship between attributional style and depression has been considered one of the most established ... [full story]

Explanatory style in depression and optimism research Compared to a pessimistic explanatory style, an optimistic explanatory style has been associated with high motivation, a large number of coping strategies, increased achievement, physical well-being, and lower levels of depressive symptoms (for a ... [full story]

Individual differences in causal attribution and blaming The interest in causal attribution ‘style’ as a personality construct emerged around the same time that attribution research in social psychology was particularly strong (Winter & Barenbaum, 1999). In addition, individual differences in causal ... [full story]

Individual differences in appraisal and anger Empirical research efforts concerning the cognitive appraisal approach have focused mainly on the identification of specific emotion-appraisal relations in which individual differences have been treated as nuisance or error variables complicating otherwise robust results 26 (Lazarus, 1994). ... [full story]

Personality Personality research brings together contributions from developmental, social, cognitive, and biological psychology and has historically been based upon four major paradigms: psychoanalytic, trait, behaviorist, and humanist (for an overview concerning the history of personality research see McAdams, 1997; for a ... [full story]

Cognitive appraisal and causal attribution – a debate Many contemporary appraisal theories have based their models on the pioneering appraisal theories by Arnold (1960) and Lazarus (1966), and the attribution theory proposed by Weiner (1986; for a historical overview of appraisal ... [full story]

Causal attribution and emotion The attribution of causality is one of the most important and well-researched appraisal dimensions. The philosopher Hume (1938, 1960) wrote that the way that humans think about causation is the cement of how the universe is understood. ... [full story]

Anger The psychologist interested in anger will at first be surprised to find relatively little empirical research on this topic. Indeed, much of the research with the key word anger is in reality focusing on aggressive reactions and behaviors or on ... [full story]

Appraisal theories of emotion In 1884, William James asked, What is an emotion? (James, 1884), and researchers are still pondering, arguing, debating, and providing evidence to give a coherent answer. Although these is no consensus concerning the definition or exact nature ... [full story]