Brain Lesions

Clinical neuropsychology refers to the study of individuals who have lesions
of the brain. These lesions are often produced by tumors, cerebral vascular
accidents (strokes), or trauma (for example, an automobile crash). The
clinical neuropsychologist is heavily involved in the assessment of cognitive
deficits brought on by these brain lesions. By evaluating the patient’s performance
on a variety of paper-and-pencil tests, the neuropsychologist can
make valuable diagnostic inferences. The clinician can begin to develop hypotheses
concerning the location, extent, and severity of the lesion.
Similarly, an attempt is made to discern the functional significance of the
brain lesion on the patient. Damage to the same part of the brain may affect
two individuals very differently. Because of this fact, it is vital that the clinical
neuropsychologist assess the effect of the lesion on the patient’s daily functioning
at work, at home, and in social contexts as well as the relatively artificial
environment of the testing room. Furthermore, it is important that evaluation
consider the patient’s current strengths in addition to weaknesses or
impairments. Intact abilities can assist the patient in coping and compensating
for the loss of some other function.572